Books

Julia Programming for Operations Research: A Primer on Computing by Changhyun Kwon (246 pages; published: 2016-05; ISBN: 978-1533328793) This book aims to teach how one can solve various optimization problems arising in operations research and management science.
Julia High Performance by Avik Sengupta (120 pages; published: 2016-05; ISBN: 9781785880919) This is a book about performance optimisation of Julia programs, showing how to design and write Julia code that fully realises the potential speed of the language and its libraries.
Mastering Julia by Malcolm Sherrington - published by Packt Publishing (410 pages; published: 2015-07; ISBN: 9781783553310)
Getting Started with Julia Programming by Ivo Balbaert - published by Packt Publishing (214 pages; published: 2015-02-28; ISBN: 9781783284795)
Seven More Languages in Seven Weeks by Bruce Tate, Fred Daoud, Jack Moffit and Ian Dees - published by The Pragmatic Programmers (350 pages; published: 2014-11-15; ISBN: 978-1-94122-215-7) This book contains a Julia tutorial chapter (written by Jack Moffitt and Bruce Tate) for programmers new to Julia, which is very good, with nice examples and exercises.

Upcoming

Learn Julia by Chris von Csefalvay - published by Manning (approx. 375 pages, in Early Access, ISBN: 9781617292835). The companion Github repo to the book is available here.

David P. Sanders gave a detailed Julia tutorial at SciPy 2014, which is a great starting point for a new Julia user. Also download the relevant IJulia notebooks that are used in the tutorial.

Steven Johnson’s keynote at EuroSciPy 2014: Crossing Language Barriers with Julia, SciPy, and IPython video and supporting material.

Invitation to Julia by David P. Sanders at JuliaCon 2015. Supporting material here.

JuliaCon 2015 videos. 61 videos on a wide range of subjects, from the future of the core language to using parallel programming and air traffic control.
Free probability, random matrices and disorder in organic semiconductors by Jiahao Chen with the related slides and IJulia notebook.

Fast and Flexible Linear Algebra in Julia by Andreas Noack Jensen at Stanford in April 2015. The IJulia notebook is also available.

How Julia Goes Faster by Leah Hanson in December 2014.
JuliaCon 2014 featured a number of talks on various aspects of Julia and its development. Slides and IJulia notebooks are on Github.

A set of video tutorials were recorded at MIT in January 2013. Slides and other materials from the tutorial are on GitHub.